Insert picture of further research.
History of travel timeline
Inventions:
Plane:
First ‘plane’ made - December 17th 1903 – The Wright Brothers.
First transatlantic flight – June 1919.
First Commercial jet airliner - de Havilland DH 106 Comet – 27th june 1949
First aircraft manufacturer – Short Brother – 1908
Trains:
First train made - Richard Trevithick - 1804.
First train for railway use - George Stephenson -1814
First train to carry passengers - Julius Griffiths – 1821
First company and regular service - Stockton & Arlington Railroad – 1825
Japanese bullet train – 1964
Diesel and electric trains -1980s
Cars
1806 – first car
1885 – petrol fueled engine
Austin 7 – 1926
Morris minor - 1953
mini - 1959
Modern car – 1966
Tram
1804 first tram
1807 first operated
29 September 1885 – first electric tram in Britain – Blackpool
Backpacking history
Hippie trail – 1960-70s Such journeys would typically start from countries in western Europe, often London or Amsterdam. Many from the US took Icelandic Airlines to Luxembourg. Most journeys passed through Istanbul, from where routes divided. The usual northern route passed through Tehran, Herat, Kabul, Peshawar and Lahore to India. An alternative route was from Turkey via Syria, Jordan, and Iraq to Iran and Pakistan. All travellers had to cross the Pakistan-India border at Ganda Singh Wala (or later at Wagah). Delhi, Varanasi (then called Benares), Goa, Kathmandu, or Bangkok were the usual destinations in the east. Kathmandu still has a road, Jochen Tole, nicknamed Freak Street in memory of the many thousands of hippies who passed through.[1] Further travel to southern India, Kovalam beach in Trivandrum (Kerala) and some to Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon), and points east and south to Australia was sometimes also undertaken.
Characteristics of a backpacker
• a large proportion of international visitors
• mostly young, predominantly in the 20-35 age group
• large number of 40-49 age group
• strong interest in adventure and eco-tourist activities
• well educated
• use coach and bus travel more than any other form of travel
• may work for some part of their stay
• a preference for budget accommodation
• an emphasis on meeting with locals and other travellers
• an independently organised and flexible travel schedule
• longer rather than brief holidays
• an emphasis on informal and participatory holiday activities
Destinations
Top 20
Sydney – New South Wales
Melbourne - Victoria
Gold Coast - Queensland
Cairns - Queensland
Perth – Western Australia
Brisbane - Queensland
Adelaide – South Australia
Byron Bay – New South Wales
Hobart - Tasmania
Noosa - Queensland
Port Douglas - Queensland
Darwin – Northern Territory
Canberra – Australian Capital Territory
Airlie Beach - Queensland
Alice Springs – Northern Territory
Coffs Harbour – New South Wales
Hervey Bay – Queensland
Margaret River – Western Australia
Caloundra - Queensland
Townsville – Queensland
Sydney
History
Sydney is one of the oldest European settlement
in Australia,
having been founded as a British penal colony on 26 January 1788 by Arthur
Phillip (now celebrated as Australia Day, the national public holiday,
with major festivities around the city and the Harbour).
Climate
Summer – 26-40 degrees
Winter – 17 degrees
Autumn –
Spring –
Airport
Sydney Kingsford
Smith International Airport – 6km from city centre.
Getting around
Train, Bus, Ferries, light rail, monorail, car,
taxi, bike.
Must See
The Sydney Harbour
Bridge
The Sydney Opera
House.
Darling Harbour
Sydney Olympic
Park.
Luna Park
Sydney Tower
St Mary's Cathedral
Royal Botanic Gardens
Activities
Swim, Cycle, Surf,
Fish, Sports, Walk, Skate, Cinema, Festivals.
Melbourne
History
Melbourne
is Australia's
second largest city, and the capital of the south-eastern state of Victoria,
located at the head of Port Phillip Bay. Melbourne is Australia’s cultural
capital, with Victorian-era architecture, extensive shopping, museums,
galleries, theatres, and large parks and gardens. Its 4-million residents are
both multicultural and sports-mad.
Climate
Summer – 26-30 degrees
Winter – 19
Spring & Autumn – 20
Airport
Melbourne Airport
22 km north of the city centre
Avalon Airport
about 60 km southwest of city centre.
Getting around
Trams, Trains, Buses, bike, car, taxi
Must see
Docklands
Eureka Tower
Parliament House of
Victoria
Queen Victoria Market
State Library
Southgate
Immigration museum
Federation Square
Police Museum
Shrine of Remembrance
Activities
Cinema, Comedy,
Sports, Dining, Music, Golf
Gold Coast
History
The Gold
Coast is a coastal city in the southeast corner of the state of Queensland
in Australia,
located between the state capital of Brisbane to the north
and the New South Wales state border
to the south. The Gold Coast has long been a high-profile tourist destination
for Australians and overseas travelers, with Surfers Paradise being the hub
of tourist activity.
Climate
21-29 year round
Airport
Gold Coast Airport /
Coolangatta Airport
Getting Around
Car, Bus, Taxi, Bike
Must See
Beaches - Surfers Paradise/ Broadbeach/ North
Burleigh/ Burleigh Heads
Hinterland – Tambourine mountain/ Springbrook/
Numinbah Valley/ Currumbin Valley
Activities
Theme parks
Cairns
History
Cairns is a
cosmopolitan city with a population of approx. 140,000 that is very focused on
the tourist industry; particularly popular with international tourists.
Japanese tourists are especially catered for, with many shops' signs being
written in Japanese, as well as English. The city is surrounded by rainforest
and can be used as a gateway to destinations such as Kuranda and the Daintree. Besides
tourism, the city is supported by agricultural activities which include sugar
cane, bananas, coffee, tea and the world's first tropical fruit wine region.
Climate
Airport
Cairns international Airport –
Getting around
Walk, bus, car
Must See
Great Barrier Reef
Copperlode Dam
Atherton tablelands
Daintree rainforest
Activities
Sports, Swim, Walking, Wildlife dome, Dancing,
Adventure Activities.
Perth
History
Perth
the capital city of Western Australia and is one of
the most isolated capital cities in the world.Perth sprawls along on a flat coastal plain,
centred along the Swan River and bounded by the Darling Scarp to the east and
the Indian Ocean coastline in the west. Perth has a population of around 1.6
million (2009), making it the fourth largest city in Australia. The many
uncrowded beaches along the Perth coastline define the lifestyle: Perth is
laid-back, quiet and safe.
Climate
Summer - 30
Winter - 15
Airport
Perth Airport –
Getting around
Bus, train, taxi, bike, walk, car
Must See
Wildlife
Spectator sports
Activities
Swim, cycle, day trips, live music
Brisbane
History
Brisbane
is the capital of the state of Queensland. It has a
population of about 2 million people, making it the third-largest city in
Australia.It’s a positive attitude and creative
confidence that makes Brisbane a genuine new-world city. Even though Brisbane
is rapidly developing and forward-thinking, it maintains a youthful enthusiasm
and has what is arguably the most vibrant, laid back and friendliest atmosphere
of any east-coast capital city.
Climate
Summer – 20-35
Winter – 10-19
Airport
Brisbane airport – 20km north of city
Getting around
Walk, bike, car, motorbike, taxi, trains
Must see
Brisbane City Hall
and King George Square,
Museum of Brisbane,
City Botanic Gardens
Queensland Cultural
Centre,
South Bank,
Alma Park Zoo
Lone Pine Koala
Sanctuary,
Manly Boat Harbour
Mt Coot-tha
New Farm Park
Activities
Kangaroo point
Story bridge
adventure climb
Jan powers farmers
market
Balloons over
Brisbane
Cruise
Explore
Bike hire
Adelaide
History
Adelaide is
the capital city of South Australia. In Adelaide,
you can enjoy stylish architecture, boutique shopping, sandy swimming beaches,
fabulous arts events, nightlife, fine dining, and some of Australia's best café
strips. Its population is slightly over 1 million, which makes it Australia's
fifth largest city, and by far the largest city in the otherwise sparsely
populated state.
Climate
Airport
Adelaide International Airport – 7km west of
city
Getting Around
Train, tram, bus, walk, taxi, bike, car
Must See
Glenelg
Montefiore hills
Adelaide hills
Hahndorf
North terrace
Conservation parks
Rundle Lantern light display
Activities
Casino, botanic gardens, beaches, sports,
brewery,
Byron Bay
History
Byron Bay
is a coastal town in the Northern Rivers of New South Wales,
located just off the Pacific Highway,
approximately 800 km north of Sydney and 175 km south of Brisbane. Nearby Cape
Byron is the easternmost point on the Australian mainland.
Climate
Airport
The nearest airport is Ballina/Byron Airport
(BNK)around 30 minutes drive away at Ballina
Getting around
Bus, walk, car
Must See
Music Festivals
Beaches
Activities
Surfing, beach going, whale watching, diving,
walking, cycling
Hobart
History
Hobart is the
capital city of the Australian state of Tasmania. Hobart is
small and intimate (population 250,000) compared to larger mainland Australian
cities, reflecting the small size of the state. The metropolitan area stretches
north and south along the Derwent River, crossed by several bridges. It has a
mild temperate oceanic climate, with four distinct seasons.
Airport
Hobart International Airport – 15km from city
Getting around
Bus, car, walk, bike
Must See
Salamanca Market
Battery Point
Botanical Gardens
Surrounding Scenery
Activities
Wineries, breweries, chocolate factory, cruise,
walk,
Noosa
History
Noosa
is one of the major draws of Queensland's Sunshine Coast.
Low rise resorts, upmarket shopping and dining line the sheltered beaches,
waterways and parks.
Airport
Sunshine Coast Airport, Maroochydoore – 30km
South
Getting around
Walk, bike, car
Must See
Tewantin State Forest and Forest Reserve
Noosa National Park
Activities
Beach, cruises, walking, fishing, diving,
surfing, boating
Port Douglas
Port Douglas
is a coastal resort town north of Cairns, near the Daintree National Park.
Airport
Cairns Airport – Port Douglas can only be
reached by road – 1 hour drive from Cairns
Getting Around
Bus, walk, car
Must See
The Rainforest Habitat Wildlife Sanctuary
Australian Muster Experience
Activities
Sailing, swim, markets, beach, cycle, fish,
diving.
Darwin
Darwin
is a small yet cosmopolitan city. People from more than 50 nations make up its
population of 110,000. It is on the Timor Sea (a branch of the Indian Ocean) in
north-central Australia. Darwin is
the tropical capital city of the Northern Territory.
Climate
Average 31 all year round
Airport
Darwin international airport – 13km north east
of city
Getting around
Car, bus, walk
Must See
Darwin Wharf precinct
Fannie bay gaol
Burnett house
Browns mart
Bicentennial park
Activities
Nature parks, Cinema, festivals, nightlife,
Darwin entertainment centre
Canberra
Canberra
is the purpose built capital city of Australia, located in
the Australian Capital Territory
in the south-east of New South Wales. It is a planned city, with national
monuments, museums, and galleries all built around large man-made lakes. A bush
capital - Canberra is also a great place to enjoy the outdoors, with excellent
cycling, gardens, parks, bushwalking and nature reserves.
Climate
Summer – 25-30
Winter – 11-15
Airports
Canberra International Airport
Getting around
Bus, bike, car, walk
Must See
Australian War Memorial
Canberra museum and gallery
National Capital exhibition
National film and sound archive
Activities
Bike trails, Botanical gardens, reserves,
forests, wine tasting, scenic drives, zoo and aquarium.
Airlie Beach
Airlie Beach
(or Airlie) is a town in Queensland, Australia and is the closest port from
which to access the Whitsunday islands on the Great Barrier Reef.
With around 25,000 residents it is developed to cater for almost every kind of
tourist and backpacker, and is the major hub for trips out to the Whitsunday
islands and Outer Great Barrier Reef.
Airport
Whitsunday Coast Airport
Getting Around
Buses, taxi, car, walk
Must See
Whitsunday Island
Great Barrier Reef
Beaches
Activities
Swim, diving, dining
Alice Springs
Alice Springs
is the heart of Central Australia and is comprised of cavernous gorges,
boundless desert landscapes, remote Aboriginal communities and a charming
pioneering history. It embodies the hardy outback of the Northern Territory's
Red Centre,
and is a travel hub for sights and hikes in the region, such as Uluru (formerly
known as Ayers Rock), Kata Tjuta (formerly
known as the Olgas) and Kings Canyon. Since the
start of the tourist boom in the early eighties, the population has
substantially grown to about 28,000. Although Surface water is a scarce
commodity in the region, theres plenty underground! It is a great town and well
worth a visit!
Airport
Alice Springs Airport
Getting Around
Walk, car, taxi, bike
Must See
Stargazing
Alice Springs desert park
Reptile centre
Adelaide house
Old timers museum
Activities
Adventure activities, theatre, arts, zoo, gem
fossicking
Coffs harbour
Coffs Harbour
is a City on the Mid-North Coast of New South Wales,
approximately two thirds of the way from Sydney to Brisbane.
Airport
Coffs Coast – 5 minute drive outside city
Getting around
Buses, taxi
Must See
Big Banana
Pet Porpoise Pool
Butterfly House
Creek-side Boardwalk
Shearwater nesting
Activities
Swim, scuba dive, dolphin & whale watching,
cruises, helicopter flights
Hervey Bay
Hervey Bay
is a beachside city located in south east Queensland. It has
fantastic weather and consequently draws 'sea-changers', backpackers and those
who don't like living in houses. Its offshore protection provides beaches
almost free from waves.
Climate
Summer – 30
Winter – 23
Airport
Hervey Bay Airport – 4km from Urangan
Getting around
Car, taxi, bike
Must See
Fraser Island
Urungan Jetty
Hervey Bay Regional Gallery
Burrum District Museum
Activities
Swim, Cycle, whale watching, island tours,
fishing
Margaret River
Margaret River is
a coastal town south of Perth.
It is renown for its wineries, food and surf beaches.
Airport
There is no airport in Margaret River. The most
common way is by car, which takes 3 hours from perth.
Getting Around
Walk, bike, car
Must See
Beach
Wardan Aboriginal Culture Centre
Margaret River School of Wine
Margaret River Caves
Cape Leeuwin
Activities
Coastal hikes, cycling, swim, surfing, horse
riding, paint balling.
Caloundra
Caloundra
is a city on Queensland's Sunshine Coast.
Slightly more laid-back than its neighbours Coolum and Noosa, Caloundra still retains a
slightly "old-fashioned" air.
Airport
There is a local airport, but no international
flights. Travel by car is most common. 1 hour from Brisbane.
Getting Around
Car, walk, bike
Must See
Beaches – Kings Beach, Bulcock beach, Moffatt
beach, Golden beach, Dickie beach, Shelly beach.
Activities
Golf, skydiving, cruises, day tours
Townsville
Townsville
is a laid-back coastal city of around 163,000 people in Far North Queensland, Australia. A perfect
destination for the sun.
Climate
25-31 all year round
Airport
Townsville Airport – 10km west of city
Getting Around
Bus, walk, car
Must See
Dairy Farmers Stadium
Castle Hill
Reef HQ Aquarium
Museum of Tropical Queensland
Riverway Arts Centre
Lake Paluma
Riverway
Activities
Beaches, sailing, day trips, water playground,
theme parks
Essentials to pack
Backpack
Fast drying towel
Walking shoes
Socks and underwear
Long underwear
Pillow case
Sleeping bag
Passport
Spy wallet
Day pack
Travel guide
Camera
Journal
Flip flops
Travels checks
Wet wipes
Laundry detergent
Space savers
Rain coat
Lock
First aid kit.
Shampoo
Toiletries
Clothing
YHA
Northern Territory
Darwin
23.50 – 67% - 3
Alice
Springs
$17 –
85% - 4
Ayers
Rock
34.20
– 80% - 3
Kings
Canyon
$31.50
– 75% - 3
Queensland
Surfers
Paradise
$30 –
80% - 4
Airlie
Beach
$26 –
79% - 4
Baralaba
$40
- 3
Brisbane
city
$29.50
– 90% - 5
Cairns
central
$22.50
– 88% - 4
Cooktown
$25 –
85% - 4
Hervey
bay
$30 –
84% - 4
Magnetic
Island
$25 –
87% - 4
Mission
Beach
$25 –
78% - 3
Noosa
$30 –
85% - 4
Port
Douglas
$26 –
86% - 4
Rockhampton
$19.50
– 81% - 3
Stradbroke
Island
$28.50
– 82% - 3
New
South Wales
Canberra
$28.50
Byron Bay
$32
Bluemountains
$26.50
Sydney
central
$37
Coffs
Harbour
$24.50
Bondi
beach
$30
Port
Stephens
$28.50
– 92% - 4
Bellingen
$27 –
87% - 3
Port
Macquarie
$27 –
83% - 3
Garie
Beach
$15 –
78%
Albury
$32 –
77% - 3
Batemans
bay
$24 –
79% - 3
Merimbula
$28 –
89% - 3
Narooma
$26 –
92% - 3
Tamworth
$26 –
79% - 3
Wollongong
$29 –
81% - 4
Yamba
$27 –
96% - 4
Victoria
Melbourne
Metro
$27 –
85% - 5
Melbourne
Central
$30
- 87% - 4
Lorne
$30 –
88% - 3
Queenscliff
$27 – 81% - 3
Sorrento
$25 – 81% - 2
Port Fairey
$23 – 88% - 3
Lakes Entrance
$22.50 – 80% - 4
Foster
$60 – 81% - 3
Echuca
$30 – 82% - 3
Ballarat
$33 – 88% - 3
Mount Buller
$70.20 – 86% - 3
Halls Gap – Grampians
$28 - 95% - 3
Apollo Bay
$30 – 95% - 3
South Australia
Adelaide
$27 – 91% - 5
Flinders Rangers
$40 – 93% - 3
Kangaroo island
$27 – 86% - 4
Port Elliot
$22 – 96%
Robe
$31.50 – 80% - 4
Port Kenny
$23 – 96% - 3
Western Australia
Broome
$19 – 78% - 4
Perth
$32 – 84% - 5
Albany
$24 – 87% - 3
Augusta
$25 – 92% - 3
Bunbury
$24 – 75% - 2
Denham
$28 – 76% - 3
Denmark
$24 – 85% - 3
Dunsborough
$28 – 84% - 3
Esperance
$25 – 83% - 3
Exmouth
$25 – 73% - 4
Kalbarri
$26 – 87% - 3
Kalgoorlie
$27 – 79% - 3
Kununurra
$24 – 91% - 4
Lancelin
$27 – 94% - 3
Margaret River
$25 – 79% - 3
Monkey Mia
$25.65 – 82% - 3
Pemberton
$25 – 85% - 3
Walpole
$28.50 – 90% - 3
Campsites to be added - Big4 - sent off for brochure.
Transport
Public Transport
Campsites to be added - Big4 - sent off for brochure.
Transport
Public Transport
The table below lists major cities in Australia with currently operating multi-modal intra-city (as opposed to inter-city or regional) public transportation networks.
The only Australian capital cities without such networks are Canberra and Darwin.
Trams in Australia historically serviced many Australian towns and several cities formerly operated tram networks, however the majority of these were shut down before the 1970s. Melbourne is an exception here however, and today boasts the largest tram network of any city in the world. Major regional cities where trams formerly facilitated multi-modal public transport networks Launceston, Geelong, Ballarat, Bendigo and Rockhampton.
Most major cities have at minimum bus services and these cities have been excluded services as have any with tourist or heritage transport (such as the private monorail at Sea World or the tourist Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram).
Intercity rail
Inter-state rail services
The Great Southern Railway, owned by Serco Asia Pacific, operates three trains: the Indian Pacific(Sydney-Adelaide-Perth), The Ghan (Adelaide-Alice Springs-Darwin), and The Overland (Melbourne-Adelaide) . NSW owned CountryLink services link Brisbane, Canberra and Melbourne via Sydney. Since the extension of the Ghan from Alice Springs to Darwin was completed in 2004, all mainland Australian capital cities are linked by standard gaugerail, for the first time.
Intra-state and city rail services
There are various state and city rail services operated by a combination of government and private entities, the most prominent of these include V/Line (regional trains and buses in Victoria); Metro Trains Melbourne which operates the Melbourne rail network; RailCorp operating all passenger rail services in New South Wales including (CityRail andCountryLink);Queensland Rail (QR) operating Traveltrain and the Citytrain network, South-East Queensland's commuter railway network under the TransLink scheme, and Transwa operating train and bus services in Western Australia.
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